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This site contains the Courses of Study offered by Smith College, Five-College Faculty Course Offerings, and Five-College Certificate Programs. The Smith College Courses of Study details course offerings, instructors, requirements for the majors and minors, and degree requirements.
The information contained in the Courses of Study documents is accurate as of August 2012. Smith College reserves the right to make changes to the Courses of Study, including changes in its course offerings, instructors, requirements for the majors and minors, and degree requirements. Course information contained herein is compiled by the Office of the Provost/Dean of the Faculty from data submitted by departments and programs. All data listed is as officially and formally approved by the Office of the Provost/Dean of the Faculty, the Committee on Academic Priorities, and the faculty-at-large. Additional information may be available on the individual Web sites of departments and programs.
Biological Sciences
Biological Sciences
__________________________
Professors
**2 Robert B. Merritt, Ph.D.
Margaret E. Anderson, Ph.D.
Richard F. Olivo, Ph.D.
**2 Stylianos P. Scordilis, Ph.D., Chair
**2 Steven A. Williams, Ph.D.
**1 Paulette Peckol, Ph.D.
**1, *2 Richard T. Briggs, Ph.D.
**1 Virginia Hayssen, Ph.D.
Michael Marcotrigiano, Ph.D.
Laura A. Katz, Ph.D.
Christine White-Ziegler, Ph.D.
L. David Smith, Ph.D.
§1, Robert Dorit, Ph.D.
Adjunct Professor
Thomas S. Litwin, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Adam Hall, Ph.D.
Adjunct Associate Professor
Leslie R. Jaffe, M.D.
Assistant Professors
†2 Michael Barresi, Ph.D.
*1 Jesse Bellemare, Ph.D.
Annaliese Beery, Ph.D.
Danielle Ignace, Ph.D.
Adjunct Assistant Professor
Gail E. Norskey, Ph.D.
Lecturers
§1,Esteban Monserrate, Ph.D.
Lori Saunders, Ph.D.
Robert Nicholson, M.A.
Shannon Compton, Ph.D.
Senior Laboratory Instructor
Graham R. Kent, M.Sc.
Laboratory Instructors
Lou Ann Bierwert, M.S.
Esteban Monserrate, Ph.D.
Gabrielle Immerman, B.A.
Lori Saunders, Ph.D.
Chris Vriezen, Ph.D.
Judith Wopereis, M.Sc.
Shannon Compton, Ph.D.
Research Associate
Paul Wetzel, Ph.D.
________________________
Courses in the biological sciences are divided into five main sections.
1) Introductory and non-majors courses
(See pp. ***–**)
2) Core courses, required of all biological sciences majors
(See pp. ***–**)
3) 200 and 300 level courses
(See pp. ***–**)
4) Independent research
(See pp. ***–**)
5) Graduate courses
(See pp. ***–**)
Prospective majors are encouraged to refer to the description of the major in this catalog, and to contact biology faculty to discuss appropriate paths through these courses.
Introductory and non-major courses
101 Modern Biology for the Concerned Citizen
A course dealing with current issues in biology that are important in understanding today’s modern world. Many of these issues present important choices that must be made by individuals and by governments. Topics will include cloning of plants and animals, human cloning, stem cell research, genetically modified foods, bioterrorism, emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola, SARS and West Nile, gene therapy, DNA diagnostics and forensics, genome projects, human origins, human diversity and others. The course will include guest lectures, outside readings and in-class discussions. {N} 4 credits
Steven Williams
Offered Fall 2012
103 Economic Botany: Plants and Human Affairs
A consideration of the plants which are useful or harmful to humans; their origins and history, botanical relationships, chemical constituents which make them economically important, and their roles in prehistoric and modern cultures, civilizations and economies. Classes of plants surveyed include those that provide food, timber, fiber, spices, essential oils, medicines, stimulants and narcotics, oils and waxes, and other major products. Topics include the history of plant domestication, ethnobotany, biodiversity issues, genetic engineering and biotechnology. No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 25. 3 credits
Robert Nicholson
Offered Spring 2013
110 Introductory Colloquia: Life Sciences for the 21st Century
Small group discussion courses for entering students and non-majors focused on current topics in the life sciences. Colloquia help develop the fundamental skills necessary for success in the sciences, including reading and analysis of primary literature (R), writing about science (W and WI), data presentation and quantitative analysis (Q), laboratory work (L), and hypothesis construction and testing. WI colloquia also fulfill the College requirement for a “writing-intensive” course. May be repeated for credit with a different subject. Enrollment limited to 20 unless otherwise indicated. {N} 4 credits
Women and Exercise—What Is Really Going On In Our Muscles (Q, R, L)
Muscle responds to environmental changes and stresses in ways
we don’t even notice. It atrophies from disuse, hypertrophies from
weight lifting, and changes in response to daily exercise. We will
explore the effects of exercise on ourselves. We will examine
different muscle cell types at the microscopic level. We will carry
out biochemical analyses of metabolites such as glucose and lactate,
and enzymes such as creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, to
elucidate changes due to exercise. We will also explore some
physiological and molecular alterations that help our bodies
compensate for new exercise patterns. Enrollment limited to 15. {N}
Stylianos Scordilis
Offered Fall 2013
120 Horticulture: Landscape Plants and Issues
Identification, culture, and use of ornamental landscape plants including annuals, perennials, shrubs, trees, and plants for interior design. Topics include introduction to landscape maintenance and design, garden history, and current issues such as invasive species and wetland restoration. Course requirements include class presentations and papers. Laboratory (BIO 121) must be taken concurrently. Enrollment limited to 30. {N} 3 credits
Michael Marcotrigiano
Offered Fall 2012
121 Horticulture: Landscape Plants and Issues Laboratory
Identification, morphology and use of landscape plants including annuals, perennials, woody shrubs and trees, evergreens and groundcovers. Topics include horticultural practices including pruning, division, pollination, bulb planting, plant identification and landscape design. Field trips are an important component of the course. Course requirements include a design project and field guide. BIO 120 must be taken concurrently. Enrollment limited to 15 per section. {N} 1 credit
Gabrielle Immerman
Offered Fall 2012
122 Horticulture
An overview of horticulture with background material on plant structure and function. Methods for growing plants, plant nutrition, seed biology, asexual propagation, plant pests and diseases, soils, compost and an introduction to biotechnology. Laboratory (BIO 123) must be taken concurrently. Enrollment limited to 30. {N} 3 credits.
Michael Marcotrigiano
Offered
123 Horticulture Laboratory
Practical lab experiences in plant propagation, development and physiology, identification and nomenclature of plant parts, identification and treatment of diseases and insect pests, soils, seeds and floral design. The course involves use of the Lyman Conservatory plant collection, field trips and winter/spring observation of outdoor plants. BIO 122 must be taken concurrently. Enrollment limited to 15 per section. {N} 1 credit
Gabrielle Immerman
Offered
Core Courses, required of all biological sciences majors
BIO 150, 152 and 154 are all required for the Biological Sciences major, and may be taken in any order.
150 Cells, Physiology and Development
Students in this course will investigate the structure, function and physiology of cells, the properties of biological molecules, information transfer from the level of DNA to cell-cell communication, and cellular energy generation and transfer. The development of multicellular organisms and the physiology of selected organ systems will also be explored. Laboratory (BIO 151) is recommended but not required. {N} 4 credits
Christine White-Zielger, Danielle Ignace, Michael Barresi
Offered Fall 2012, Spring 2013
151 Cells, Physiology and Development Laboratory
Laboratory sessions in this course will combine observational and experimental protocols. Students will examine cellular molecules, monitor enzymatic reactions, photosynthesis and respiration to study cellular function. Students will also examine embryology and the process of differentiation, the structure and function of plant systems, and the physiology of certain animal systems. Prerequisite: BIO 150, (normally taken concurrently). {N} 1 credit
Members of the Department
Offered Fall 2012, Spring 2013
152 Genetics, Evolution and Molecular Biosciences
Students in this course will achieve a basic knowledge of genetics, genomics and evolution. Principles to be covered include Central Dogma, prokaryotic genetics and genomics, molecular techniques, eukaryotic cell cycle, eukaryotic genomics, transmission genetics, population genetics, speciation and macroevolution. These principles will be illustrated using four central themes: 1) HIV and AIDS; 2) The making of a fly; 3) A matter of taste; 4) Origin of Species. In addition to lectures, each student will participate in discussion sections that will focus on reading primary literature and mastering genetics problems. Laboratory (BIO 153) is recommended but not required. {N} 4 credits
Robert Merritt, Laura Katz
Offered Fall 2012, Spring 2013
153 Genetics, Evolution and Molecular Biosciences Laboratory
Laboratory sessions in this course will combine experiments in genetics and genomics with exposure to basic techniques in molecular biology. Laboratories will include computer simulations, PCR, cloning, karyotyping. Prerequisite: BIO 152 (normally taken concurrently). {N} 1 credit
Lou Ann Bierwert, To be announced
Offered Fall 2012, Spring 2013
154 Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation
Students in this course will investigate the origin, nature and importance of the diversity of life on Earth; key ecological processes and interactions that create and maintain communities and ecosystems; principle threats to the biodiversity; and emerging conservation strategies to protect the elements and processes upon which we depend. Throughout the semester, we will emphasize the relevance of diversity and ecological studies in conservation. Laboratory (BIO 155) is recommended but not required. {N} 4 credits
L. David Smith, Laura Katz, To be announced
Offered Fall 2012, Spring 2013
155 Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation Laboratory
Laboratory sessions in this course will combine observational and experimental protocols both in the lab and in the field. Students will gain familiarity with the diverse lineages of life, and will design and conduct research to address specific hypotheses about a subset of lineages. There will also be field trips to local sites where students will engage in observations of organisms in their natural habitats and in experimental exploration of ecological interactions. Prerequisite: BIO 154 (normally taken concurrently). {N} 1 credit
To be announced
Offered Fall 2012, Spring 2013
157y Discovery: Form, Function and Genetics of Novel Bacteriophage
This two-semester introductory laboratory experience focuses on the biology of bacteriophage, important players in microbial ecosystems. In collaboration with laboratories around the country, you will be involved in the discovery, isolation, characterization and description of previously unknown bacteriophages. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Crucial to the “horizontal” transfer of genetic information, they have shaped the evolution of bacterial physiology and bacterial genomes. The first semester will focus on the isolation, purification and characterization of naturally-occurring phages in local soil environments. In the second semester, we obtain the full sequence of our selected phage genome, and will be responsible for exploring, annotating, and distributing this information to the scientific community. Can be taken as an alternative to Bio 151 and Bio 153. Prerequisite: Bio 150 and/or Bio 152 (normally taken concurrently). Enrollment limited to 18. {N} 2 credits each semester.
Lori Saunders, Robert Merritt
Offered Fall 2012, Spring 2013
200 and 300 Level Courses
200 Animal Physiology
Functions of animals, including humans, required for survival (movement, respiration, circulation, etc.); neural and hormonal regulation of these functions; and the adjustments made to challenges presented by specific environments. Prerequisites: BIO 150/151 and CHM 111 or CHM 118. Laboratory (BIO 201) is optional but strongly recommended. {N} 4 credits
Richard Briggs and Margaret Anderson
Offered Fall 2012
201 Animal Physiology Laboratory
Experiments will demonstrate concepts presented in BIO 200 and illustrate techniques and data analysis used in the study of physiology. BIO 200 must be taken concurrently. {N} 1 credit
Richard Briggs and Margaret Anderson
Offered Fall 2012
202 Cell Biology
The structure and function of eukaryotic cells. This course will examine contemporary topics in cellular biology: cellular structures, organelle function, membrane and endomembrane systems, cellular regulation, signaling mechanisms, motility, bioelectricity, communication and cellular energetics. This course is a prerequisite for Biochemistry I (BCH 252). Prerequisites: BIO 150/151 and CHM 222. Laboratory (BIO 203) is recommended but not required. {N} 4 credits
Stylianos Scordilis
Offered Fall 2012
203 Cell Biology Laboratory
Inquiry-based laboratory using techniques such as spectrophotometry, enzyme kinetics, bright field and fluorescence light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. There will be an emphasis on student-designed projects. This course is a prerequisite for Biochemistry I Laboratory (BCH 253). Prerequisite: BIO 202, (should be taken concurrently). {N} 1 credit
Graham Kent
Offered Fall 2012
204 Microbiology
This course examines bacterial morphology, growth, biochemistry, genetics and methods of controlling bacterial activities. Emphasis is on bacterial physiology and the role of the prokaryotes in their natural habitats. The course also covers viral life cycles and diseases caused by viruses. Prerequisites: BIO 150 and CHM 111 or equivalent advanced placement courses. Laboratory (BIO 205) must be taken concurrently. {N} 3 credits
Christine-White Ziegler
Offered Spring 2013
205 Microbiology Laboratory
Experiments in this course explore the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of bacteria using a variety of bacterial genera. Methods of aseptic technique; isolation, identification, and growth of bacteria are learned. An individual project is completed at the end of the term. BIO 204 must be taken concurrently. {N} 2 credits
Christine White-Ziegler
Offered Spring 2013
206 Plant Physiology
(pending CAP approval)
Plants as members of our ecosystem; water economy; photosynthesis and metabolism; growth and development as influenced by external and internal factors, survey of some pertinent basic and applied research. Prerequisites: BIO 150 and CHM 111 or CHM 118. {N} 4 credits
Danielle Ignace
Offered Spring 2013
207 Plant Physiology Laboratory
Processes that are studied include plant molecular biology, photosynthesis, growth, uptake of nutrients, water balance and transport, and the effects of hormones. Prerequisite: BIO 312 (should be taken concurrently). {N} 1 credit
Danielle Ignace
Offered Spring 2013
230 Genomes and Genetic Analysis
An exploration of genes and genomes that highlights the connections between molecular biology, genetics, cell biology and evolution. Topics will include: DNA and RNA, and protein structure and function, gene organization, mechanisms and control of gene expression, origins and evolution of molecular mechanisms, and gene networks. The course will also deal with the principal experimental and computational tools that have advanced relevant fields, and will introduce students to the rapidly expanding databases at the core of contemporary biology. Relying heavily on primary literature, we will explore selected topics including the molecular biology of infectious diseases, genetic underpinnings of development, the comparative analysis of whole genomes and the origin and evolution of genome structure and content. Prerequisites: BIO 110 or 152. Laboratory (BIO 231) is recommended but not required. {N} 4 credits
Steven Williams and Robert Merritt
Offered Spring 2013
231 Genomes and Genetic Analysis Laboratory
A laboratory designed to complement the lecture material in 230. Laboratory and computer projects will investigate methods in molecular biology including recombinant DNA, gene cloning and DNA sequencing as well as contemporary bioinformatics, data mining and the display and analysis of complex genome databases. Prerequisite: BIO 230 (should be taken concurrently). {N} 1 credit
Lori Saunders
Offered Spring 2013
232 Evolution
Evolution frames much of biology by providing insights into how and why things change over time. For example, the study of evolution is essential to: understanding transitions in biodiversity across time and space, elucidating patterns of genetic variation within and between populations, and developing both vaccines and treatments for human diseases. Topics in this course will include population genetics, molecular evolution, speciation, phylogenetics and macroevolution. Prerequisite: BIO 152 or BIO 154 or permission of the instructor. {N} 4 credits
Laura Katz
Offered Fall 2012
260 Invertebrate Diversity
Invertebrate animals account for the vast majority of species on earth. Although sometimes inconspicuous, invertebrates are vital members of ecological communities. They provide protein, important ecosystem services, biomedical and biotechnological products, and aesthetic value to humans. Today, many invertebrate populations are threatened by human activities. This course is designed to survey the extraordinary diversity of invertebrates, emphasizing their form and function in ecological and evolutionary contexts. BIO 261 must be taken concurrently. {N} 3 credits
L. David Smith
Offered Spring 2013
261 Invertebrate Diversity Laboratory
Examination of a wide variety of live invertebrates with emphasis on the relationship between form and function. Observations on aspects of invertebrate structure, locomotion, feeding and other behaviors. BIO 260 must be taken concurrently. {N} 2 credits
L. David Smith
Offered Spring 2013
264 Plant Diversity and Evolution
(pending CAP approval)
This course will explore the diversity of plant life and investigate its evolutionary origins and history through a mixture of lecture, lab, and discussion activities. A key focus of the course will be the ecological and environmental context of major evolutionary developments in the Land Plants, including their adaptations to various abiotic challenges, as well as antagonistic and mutualistic interactions with other organisms. Our survey of plant diversity will be guided by recent phylogenetic studies we will make regular use of the outstanding living collections in the Lyman Plant House. {N} 4 credits
Jesse Bellemare
Offered Spring 2013
268 Marine Ecology
The oceans cover over 75% of the Earth and are home to enormous biodiversity. Marine Ecology explores a variety of coastal and oceanic systems, focusing on natural and human-induced factors that affect biodiversity and the ecological balance in marine habitats. Using case studies, we will study some successful conservation and management strategies, including Marine Protected Areas. This course uses a variety of readings, group activities, and short writing assignments to develop vital skills such as effective oral, graphical, and written communication; critical thinking; and problem solving. Prerequisite: BIO 154 (or equivalent), GEO 108, or permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 24. Laboratory (BIO 269) must be taken concurrently and includes two field trips. {N} 3 credits
Paulette Peckol
Offered Fall 2012
269 Marine Ecology Laboratory
The laboratory applies concepts discussed in lecture, and uses several small-group projects in the field and laboratory to develop relevant skills for conducting marine-related research. Students will learn to design and analyze experiments, and to write in the scientific style. Field trips to Maine and Cape Cod, MA, provide hands-on experience with marine organisms in their natural habitats. Prerequisite: BIO 268, which must be taken concurrently. {N} 2 credits
Paulette Peckol, Graham Kent
Offered Fall 2012
272 Vertebrate Biology
A review of the evolutionary origins, adaptations, and trends in the biology of vertebrates. Laboratory (BIO 273) is recommended but not required. {N} 4 credits
Virginia Hayssen
Offered Spring 2014
273 Vertebrate Biology Laboratory
A largely anatomical exploration of the evolutionary origins, adaptations, and trends in the biology of vertebrates. Enrollment limited to 20 students. BIO 272 is normally taken with or prior to BIO 273. {N} 1 credit
Virginia Hayssen
Offered Spring 2014
300 Neurophysiology
The function of nervous systems. Topics include electrical signals in neurons, synapses, the neural basis of form and color perception, and the generation of behavioral patterns. See website (tinyurl.com/bio300) for full syllabus. Prerequisites: BIO 200 or 202. Laboratory (BIO 301) must be taken concurrently. {N} 4 credits
Richard Olivo
Offered Spring 2013
301 Neurophysiology Laboratory
Electrophysiological recording of signals from neurons, including an independent project in the second half of the semester. BIO 300 must be taken concurrently. {N} 1 credit
Richard Olivo
Offered Spring 2013
302 Developmental Biology
How does a single cell give rise to the complexity and diversity of cells and forms that make us the way we are? Developmental biology answers this question by spanning disciplines from cell biology and genetics to ecology and evolution. The remarkable phenomena that occur during embryonic development will be presented in concert with the experiments underlying our current knowledge. We will web conference with the prominent developmental biologists whose research we are covering. Prerequisites: BIO 150, BIO 152 and BIO 202 or BIO 230; BIO 154 is suggested. {N} 4 credits
Michael Barresi
Offered Fall 2012
303 Research in Developmental Biology
Students will design and carry out their own experiments focused on neural and muscle development using zebrafish as a model system. Techniques covered will include embryology, indirect immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, microinjection of RNA for gain or loss of function studies, pharmacological analysis, GFP-transgenics, an array of microscopy techniques. This laboratory is designed as a true research experience and thus will require time outside of the normally scheduled lab period. BIO 302 (must be taken concurrently). Enrollment limited to 12. {N} 1 credit
Michael Barresi
Offered Fall 2012
306 Immunology
An introduction to the immune system covering the molecular, cellular, and genetic bases of immunity to infectious agents. Special topics include immunodeficiencies, transplantation, allergies, immunopathology and immunotherapies. Prerequisite: BIO 202. Recommended: BIO 152 or 230 and/or BIO 204. Laboratory (BIO 307) is recommended but not required. {N} 4 credits
Christine White-Ziegler
Offered Fall 2012
307 Immunology Laboratory
The use of immunological techniques in clinical diagnosis and as research tools. Experimental exercises include immune cell population analysis, immunofluoresence, Western blotting, ELISA and agglutination reactions. An independent project is completed at the end of the term. Prerequisite: BIO 306 (may be taken concurrently). Enrollment limited to 16 students. {N} 1 credit
Members of the Department
Offered Fall 2012
308 Introduction to Biological Microscopy
The theory, principles and techniques of light (fluorescence, confocal, DIC) microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy in biology, including basic optics, instrument design, and operational parameters. Associated equipment and techniques for specimen preparation and image recording will also be considered, along with discussions of elucidating biological structure/function relationships. Prerequisite: BIO 202. Laboratory (BIO 309) must be taken concurrently. Enrollment limited to 6. {N} 3 credits
To be announced
Offered Spring 2014
309 Introduction to Biological Microscopy Laboratory
Practical techniques for light (fluorescence, confocal, DIC) microscope operation and a more thorough introduction to the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Selected techniques of biological specimen preparation (fixation, embedding, sectioning and staining) for the different microscopies, as well as associated data recording processes, will also be emphasized. In addition to the formal laboratory period, students will need to arrange blocks of time to practice the techniques and work on self-designed investigations. BIO 308 must be taken concurrently. {N} 2 credits
To be announced
Offered Spring 2014
310 Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Molecular level structure-function relationships in the nervous system. Topics include: development of neurons, neuron-specific gene expression, mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in learning and memory, synaptic release, molecular biology of neurological disorders, and molecular neuropharmacology. Prerequisites: BIO 202, or BIO 230, or permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 20. {N} 4 credits
Adam Hall
Offered Fall 2012
311 Research in Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
This laboratory initially uses tissue culture techniques to study the development of primary neurons in culture (e.g. extension of neurites and growth cones). This is followed by an introduction to DNA microarray technology for studying gene expression in the brain. The rest of the laboratory uses the Xenopus oocyte expression system to study molecular structure-function by injecting DNA encoding for a variety of ion channels. The second half of the semester involves a lab project using the expression system to investigate channel characteristics or pharmacology. BIO 310 must be taken concurrently. Enrollment limited to 20 {N} 1 credit
Adam Hall
Offered Fall 2012
320 Colloquium on Molecular Medicine
A study of cells and their diseased states in humans. The cellular, molecular, metabolic, and physiological bases of selected diseases will be analyzed. Topics will include gross and cellular pathology, inflammation, metabolic, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, as well as the clinical symptomology and therapeutic possibilities. Several topics will be given by pathologists at Baystate Medical Center. Prerequisite: BIO 202. {N} 4 credits
Stylianos Scordilis
Offered Fall 2013
322 Seminar: Topics in Cell Biology
Cancer: Cells Out of Control
Known since the ancient Egyptians, cancers may be considered a set of normal cellular processes gone awry in various cell types. This seminar will consider chemical and radiation carcinogenesis, oncogenesis, growth factor signaling pathways and the role of hormones in cancers, as well as the pathologies of the diseases. Prerequisites: BIO 202 and BIO 203. {N} 3 credits
Stylianos Scordilis
Offered Spring 2013
323 Seminar: Topics in Developmental Biology
Topic: Embryology, Ecology and Evolution. How does our environment shape the way we look and act? This seminar will explore the role and influence of past and current environments on the development of plants and animals at embryological, ecological, and evolutionary levels. Students will examine how toxins in our environment cause teratogenic effects, how phenotypic plasticity influences predator-prey interactions, and how new taxonomic groups may have evolved due to molecular changes during embryonic development. Course material uses primary research literature as a springboard to hold videoconferences with the researchers who conducted the work. Students will create a documentary movie on one of these topics. Prerequisites: BIO 150, 152, or 154, and at least one upper level BIO course. May not be repeated for credit. Enrollment limited to 12. {N} 4 credits
Michael J. Barresi and L. David Smith
Offered Spring 2013
Note: For 2012–13, BIO 323 will meet with BIO 390.
332 Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes
Advanced molecular biology of eukaryotes and their viruses. Topics will include genomics, bioinformatics, eukaryotic gene organization, regulation of gene expression, RNA processing, retroviruses, transposable elements, gene rearrangement, methods for studying human genes and genetic diseases, molecular biology of infectious diseases, genome projects and whole genome analysis. Reading assignments will be from a textbook and the primary literature. Each student will present an in-class presentation and write a paper on a topic selected in consultation with the instructor. Enrollment limited to 16. Prerequisite: BIO 230. Laboratory (BIO 333) is recommended but not required. {N} 4 credits
Steven A. Williams
Offered Fall 2012
333 Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes Laboratory
A laboratory course designed to complement the lecture material in 332. Advanced techniques used to study the molecular biology of eukaryotes will be learned in the context of a semester-long project. These methods will include techniques for studying genomics and gene expression including: RNA interference, DNA sequence analysis, microarray analysis, RT-PCR, bioinformatics and others. Enrollment limited to 16. Prerequisite: BIO 332 (should be taken concurrently) and BIO 231. {N} 1 credit
Lori Saunders
Offered Fall 2012
350 Topics in Molecular Biology
Topic: Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases: Application of New Molecular Technologies to the Study of Infectious Disease.
The focus of this seminar will be on the study of newly emerging infectious diseases that are of great concern in the public health community. The bird flu (H5N1) is currently causing the greatest apprehension, however, the spread of diseases such as SARS, Ebola, Dengue Fever, West Nile, malaria and many others is also a worrisome trend. What can we learn from the great pandemics of the past (the great influenza of 1918, the Black Death of the Middle Ages, the typhus epidemic of 1914–21 and others?) How can modern biotechnology be applied to the development of new drugs and vaccines to prevent such pandemics in the future? In addition to natural infections, we now must also be concerned with rare diseases such as anthrax and smallpox that may be introduced to large populations by bioterrorism. The challenges are great but new tools of molecular biology (genomics, proteomics, RNA interference, microarrays and others) provide unprecedented opportunity to understand infectious diseases and to develop new strategies for their elimination. Prerequisite: BIO 152 or permission of the instructor.
{N} 3 credits
Steve Williams
Offered Spring 2013
351 Topics in Evolutionary Biology
Topic: Epigenetics. There is increasing evidence of epigenetic phenomena influencing the development of organisms and the transmission of information between generations. These epigenetic phenomena include the inheritance of acquired morphological traits in some lineages and the apparent transmission of RNA caches between generations in plants, animals and microbes. This seminar explores emerging data on epigenetics and discusses the impact of these phenomena on evolution. Participants will write an independent research paper on a topic of their choice. Prerequisite: BIO 152 or permission of the instructor. {N} 3 credits
Laura Katz
Offered Fall 2013
362 Animal Behavior
Examination of the many approaches to the study of animal behavior. Topics include history of the field, physiological bases of behavior, and behavioral ecology and evolution. Prerequisite: one of the following: BIO 260, 272, 363, a statistics course or permission of the instructor. {N} 3 credits
Virginia Hayssen
Offered Fall 2013, Fall 2015
363 Animal Behavior: Methods
Research design and methodology for field and laboratory studies of animal behavior. Prerequisite, one of the following: BIO 260, 272, 362, a statistics course, or permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 15 students. {N} 3 credits
Virginia Hayssen
Offered Fall2012, Fall 2014
364 Plant Ecology
This course surveys the environmental historical processes, and ecological factors that determine the distribution and abundance of plant species in the landscape. The class will examine how plant communities are assembled and what processes influence their structure. We will focus in particular on plant communities of the Northeast, using examples from the local landscape to illustrate key ecological concepts. Prerequisite: a course in plant biology, ecology or environmental science; statistics is recommended (e.g., MTH 245). BIO 365 must be taken concurrently. Enrollment limited to 20. {N} 3 credits
Jesse Bellemare
Offered Fall 2014
365 Plant Ecology Laboratory
This course involves field and laboratory investigations of plant ecology, with an emphasis on Northeastern plant species and plant communities. The labs will explore interactions between plants and insects, visit wetland and upland habitats, and investigate plant population dynamics at sites around western Massachusetts. Students will gain hands-on experience with descriptive and experimental research approaches used to investigate ecological processes in plant communities. BIO 364 must be taken concurrently. Enrollment limited to 20. {N} 2 credits
Jesse Bellemare
Offered Fall 2014
366 Biogeography
A study of major patterns of distribution of life and of the environmental and geological factors underlying these patterns. The role of phenomena such as sea level fluctuations, plate tectonics, oceanic currents, biological invasions, and climate change in determining past, present, and future global patterns of biodiversity will be considered. Fundamental differences between terrestrial and marine biogeography will be highlighted. Prerequisite: a course in ecology, evolution, or organismal biology, or permission of the instructor. {N} 4 credits
Paulette Peckol
Offered Spring 2014
370 Microbial Diversity
(pending CAP approval)
This course focuses on the origin and diversification of microorganisms, with emphasis on eukaryotic cells (cells with nuclei). The first weeks of lecture will cover the basics of evolutionary analyses, and the origin and diversification of bacteria and archaea. From there, we will focus on the diversification of eukaryotes, with specific lectures on topics such as microbes and AIDS, and the origins of plants, animals and fungi. Evaluation is based on a combination of tests, discussions and a research paper on a topic chosen by each student. Prerequisite: BIO 152 or 154. Laboratory (BIO 371) is recommended but not required. {N} 3 credits
Laura Katz
Offered Spring 2013
371 Microbial Diversity Laboratory
(pending CAP approval)
The laboratory assignments allow students to observe microorganisms from diverse habitats present in the Lyman Plant House. Students will sample microbes associated with specific plants plus microbes present across the gradients of temperature and moisture within the plant house, students will then use microscopy and molecular techniques for experimentation with these organisms. Emphasis is on completion of an independent project. BIO 370 must be taken concurrently. {N} 2 credit
Judith Wopereis
Offered Spring 2013
390 Seminar: Topics in Environmental Biology
Embryology, Ecology and Evolution
(pending CAP approval)
How does our environment shape the way we look and act? This seminar will explore the role and influence of past and current environments on the development of plants and animals at embryological, ecological, and evolutionary levels. Students will examine how toxins in our environment cause teratogenic effects, how phenotypic plasticity influences predator-prey interactions, and how new taxonomic groups may have evolved due to molecular changes during embryonic development. Course material uses primary research literature as a springboard to hold videoconferences with the researchers who conducted the work. Students will create a documentary movie on one of these topics. Prerequisites: BIO 150, 152, or 154, and at least one upper level BIO course. May not be repeated for credit. Enrollment limited to 12. {N} 4 credits
Michael J. Barresi and L. David Smith
Offered Spring 2013
Note: For 2012–13, BIO 390 will meet with BIO 323.
Ecology and Conservation of Coral Reefs–Past, Present and Future
Coral reefs occupy a relatively small portion of the earth’s surface, but their importance to the marine ecosystem is great. In addition to recording much information about past climates and events in Earth’s history, coral reefs represent major centers of biodiversity and are heavily used by humans. This seminar will examine the status of modern coral reefs worldwide, with a focus on effects of environmental and anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., sedimentation, eutrophication, overfishing). Readings from the primary literature will serve as the basis for weekly student presentations and discussions. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. {N} 3 credits
Paulette Peckol
Offered Spring 2014
Ecophysiology
{N} 3 credits
Danielle Ignace
Offered Spring 2013
Independent Research
400 Special Studies
Independent investigation in the biological sciences. Variable credit (1 to 5) as assigned
Offered both semesters each year
Honors
Director: Adam Hall
Please consult the director of honors or the departmental Web site for specific requirements and application procedures.
430d Honors Project
8 credits
Adam Hall
Full-year course; Offered each year
431 Honors Project
8 credits
Offered Fall 2011
432d Honors Project
12 credits
Full -year course; Offered each year
The Major
The major in biological sciences is designed to provide a strong basis for understanding the breadth of disciplines in biology while also enabling depth of study in one or more specialized fields. Within this general framework, students construct a course program that matches their interests by choosing among five tracks.
Track 1: Integrative Biology
Track 2: Cells, Physiology and Development
Track 3: Genetics, Evolution and Molecular Biosciences
Track 4: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation
Track 5: Biology and Education
In their first semesters, students are encouraged to enroll in an appropriate core course (BIO 150–155) as well as chemistry (CHM 111 or 118).
Basic Requirements for Tracks 1–4:
12 courses are required. These include:
Core Courses:
BIO 150: Cells, Physiology and Development
BIO 152: Genetics, Evolution and Molecular Biosciences
BIO 154: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation
CHM 111 or 118 and a course in statistics (MTH 245 recommended)
FIve upper-level courses as specified for each track, at least two at the 300-level.
Two electives chosen in consultation with the student’s adviser. One 100-level Biology course (100–149) can be counted as an elective.
Five laboratory courses: two from core courses (BIO 151, 153, or 155) and at least 1 at the 300-level. One-credit or two-credit laboratories do not count as separate courses toward the minimum 12 required courses
Independent research is strongly encouraged but not required for the major. Up to two semesters of Special Studies (400) or Honors research (430, 431, or 432) may be counted toward the major.
Note: If a student has an AP score of 4 or 5 in Biology, she can apply 4 credits toward completion of the major by opting out of a single core course; however she must take an upper level course in that track.
Track 1: Integrative Biology
The full course listing for the biological sciences department is available for this track. Students are required to complete a second course at the 200- or 300-level in each of the tracks 2–4. Courses that are cross-listed in different tracks can only be counted towards one track.
Track 2: Cells, Physiology and Development
Students choose a minimum of five 200- or 300-level courses and three laboratories from the following list.
200 level: BIO 200 (Animal Physiology), BIO 202 (Cell Biology), BIO 204 (Microbiology), BIO 230 (Genomes and Genetic Analysis), BIO 232 (Evolutionary Biology), BIO 234 (Human Genetics), BCH 252 (Biochemistry I)
300 level: BIO 300 (Neurophysiology), BIO 302 (Developmental Biology), BIO 304 (Histology), BIO 306 (Immunology), BIO 308 (Introduction to Biological Microscopy), BIO 310 (Cell and Molecular Neuroscience), BIO 312 (Plant Physiology), BIO 320 (Colloquium on Molecular Medicine), BIO 321 (Topics in Microbiology), BIO 322 (Topics in Cell Biology), BIO 323 (Topics in Developmental Biology)
Track 3: Genetics, Evolution and Molecular Biosciences
Students choose a minimum of five 200- or 300-level courses and three laboratories from the following list.
200 level: BIO 230 (Genomes and Genetic Analysis), BIO 232 (Evolutionary Biology), BIO 234 (Human Genetics), BIO 264 (Plant Evolution and Systematics), BCH 252 (Biochemistry I), GEO 231 (Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleoecology)
300 level: BIO 302 (Developmental Biology), BIO 306 (Immunology), BIO 310 (Cell and Molecular Neuroscience), BIO 321 (Topics in Microbiology), BIO 322 (Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes), BIO 334 (Bioinformatics and Comparative Molecular Biology), BIO 350 (Topics in Molecular Biology), BIO 351 (Topics in Evolutionary Biology), BIO 366 (Biogeography), BIO 370 (Microbial Diversity)
Track 4: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation
Students choose a minimum of five 200- or 300-level courses and three laboratories from the following list.
200 level: BIO 232 (Evolutionary Biology), BIO 260 (Invertebrate Diversity), BIO 262 (Plant Biology), BIO 264 (Plant Diversity and Evolution), BIO 266 (Principles of Ecology), BIO 268 (Marine Ecology), BIO 272 (Vertebrate Biology), GEO 231 (Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleoecology)
300 level: BIO 302 (Developmental Biology), BIO 362 (Animal Behavior), BIO 363 (Animal Behavior Methods), BIO 364 (Plant Ecology), BIO 366 (Biogeography), BIO 370 (Microbial Diversity), BIO 390 (Topics in Environmental Biology) EGR 315 (Ecohydrology)
Track 5: Biology and Education.
Graduates receive a degree in biological sciences and complete requirements for a Massachusetts teaching license for high school and middle school biology. To meet the requirements of teaching certification and maintain a rigorous standard for a biological sciences major, this track will require a total of 13 courses instead of the 12 required for the other tracks. This track is designed for the student who plans to become a secondary education teacher in biology. A course in statistics is highly recommended but not required. Students interested in this track should contact the coordinator of teacher education as soon as possible.
A minimum of seven courses and four labs that count toward biological sciences are required including:
All three core courses (BIO 150, 152, 154).
Three additional courses, one each from tracks 2, 3, and 4 and at least one at the 300-level.
Four laboratories: two affiliated with the core courses and at least one lab at the 300-level.
Chemistry 111 or 118.
A total of six education-related courses are required for license in the teaching of biology (5th–8th grades or 8th–12th grades):
Each of the following courses are required: EDC 238 (Introduction to Learning Sciences, formerly Educational Psychology), EDC 346 (Clinical Internship in Teaching), EDC 347 (Individual Differences Among Learners) and EDC 352 (Methods of Instruction)—Student Teaching Senior year, EGR 390 (Colloq: Teaching Science, Engineering and Technology)
Either EDC 232 (The American Middle School and High School) or EDC 342 (Growing Up American).
Adviser for Study Abroad: Paulette Peckol
The Minor
(pending CAP approval)
Advisers: Members of the department also serve as advisers for the minor.
The requirements for the minor in biological sciences comprise six courses chosen in consultation with an adviser. These courses usually include at least one core course and must include one 300-level course. At least one laboratory course is required; one-credit or two-credit laboratories do not count as separate courses toward the minimum of six required courses. No more than one course designed primarily for non-majors may be included. One course from another department or program may be included provided that course is related to a students particular interest in biology and is chosen in consultation with her adviser.
Biochemistry
See pp. ***–**
Environmental Science and Policy
See pp. ***–**
Marine Science and Policy
See pp. ***–**
Neuroscience
See p. ***–**
Graduate courses
The Department of Biological Sciences maintains an active graduate program leading to the Master of Science Degree in Biological Sciences. The program of study emphasizes independent research supported by advanced course work. Candidates are expected to demonstrate a strong background in the life sciences and a clear commitment to independent laboratory, field and/or theoretical research. The department offers opportunities for original work in a wide variety of fields, including animal behavior, biochemistry, cell and developmental biology, ecology, environmental science, evolutionary biology, genetics, marine biology, microbiology, molecular biology, neurobiology, plant sciences and physiology. Students pursuing the M.S. degree are required to participate in the Graduate Seminar (BIO 507); and are expected to undertake a course of study, designed in conjunction with their adviser, that will include appropriate courses both within and outside the department.
Additional information can be found in the Graduate and Special Programs section and at the following link: http://www.smith.edu/biology/graduate.php
Adviser: Steven Williams
507 Seminar on Recent Advances and Current Problems in the Biological Sciences
Students in this seminar discuss articles from the primary literature representing diverse fields of biology and present on their own research projects. Journal articles will be selected to coordinate with departmental colloquia. In alternate weeks, students will present talks on research goals, data collection and data analysis. This course is required for graduate students and must be taken in both years of graduate residence. 2 credits
To Be announced
Offered Fall 2012
510 Advanced Studies in Molecular Biology
3 to 5 credits
Members of the department
Offered both semesters each year
520 Advanced Studies in Botany
3 to 5 credits
Members of the department
Offered both semesters each year
530 Advanced Studies in Microbiology
3 to 5 credits
Members of the department
Offered both semesters each year
540 Advanced Studies in Zoology
3 to 5 credits
Members of the department
Offered both semesters each year
550 Advanced Studies in Environmental Biology
3 to 5 credits
Members of the department
Offered both semesters each year
590d Research and Thesis
8 credits
Steven Williams
Full-year course; Offered each year
Prehealth Professional Programs
Students may prepare for health profession schools by majoring in any area, as long as they take courses that meet the minimum requirements for entrance. For most schools, these are two semesters each of English, general chemistry, organic chemistry, physics and biology. The science courses must include laboratories. Students should select biology courses in consultation with an adviser, taking into consideration the student’s major and specific interests in the health professions. Other courses often required or recommended include biochemistry, mathematics including calculus and/or statistics, and social or behavioral science. Because health profession schools differ in the details of their requirements, students should confer with a Prehealth adviser as early as possible about specific requirements.
Preparation for graduate study in the biological sciences
Graduate programs that grant advanced degrees in biology vary in their admission requirements, but often include at least one year of mathematics (preferably including statistics), physics and organic chemistry. Many programs stress both broad preparation across the biological sciences and a strong background in a specific area. Many institutions require scores on the Graduate Record Examination, which emphasizes a broad foundation in biology as well as quantitative and verbal skills. Students contemplating graduate study beyond Smith should review the requirements of particular programs as early as possible in the course of their studies and seek advice from members of the department.
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